In the human side of enterprise mcgregor recognised that theory y was not a panacea for all ills. While in high school, mcgregor worked as night clerk at the mcgregor institute, a family affair originally established by his grandfather, but managed by his father and his uncle to provide temporary accommodation for around 100 transient workers at a time. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files newlinedb. Mcgregors theory x and y douglas mcgregor wrote the book the human side of enterprise in 1960 he examined individuals behaviour at work. The x y theory questionnaire page 1 of 2 indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. An analysis of mcgregors ground breaking management theory. His book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on the management field, largely due to his theory x and theory y.
These managers assume that people dont enjoy work in fact, they would surely avoid doing it. Although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregors initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the. X y theory questionnaire based on douglas mcgregor s xy. Theory x and theory y notes douglas mcgregor popularized the human relations approach to management in the 1960s theory x. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. As you would expect, theory y sees motivation in the opposite manner of theory x. Theory x and y is about managers beliefs about people and attitudes, which then translates into ways they choose to motivate their employees. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both.
Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was an american organizational theorist and management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Motivation theory x and theory y free management books. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory.
Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf download oikos. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor one of the forefathers. He was a social psychologist who became the president of antioch college. This is the idea behind douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y.
Introduction theory x and y was developed by douglas mcgregor, a social psychologist in 1960. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Theory x and theory y explains how your perceptions can affect your. This study aims to explore whether mcgregor s theory x y assumptions are determinants of. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor.
Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Carson school of business, samford university, birmingham, alabama, usa abstract. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. His 1960 book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on education practices mcgregor was a student of abraham maslow. Features of mcgregor s theory x and theory y of motivation. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation.
Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y from wiki theory x in this theory, management. For those managers faced with the challenge of douglas mcgregors landmark book. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that. Theory y management style is suited to knowledge work and professional services.
Managers generally have one of two perspectives regarding their employees. Theory x managers tend to take a pessimistic view of their people, and. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. It is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. Dec 10, 2018 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Our work is empirically contributory by providing a constructvalid measure of theory xy managerial assumptions.
In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his. Douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory motivation scribd. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. By highlighting theory y, he hoped instead to achieve an abandonment by management of the limiting assumptions of theory x and a consideration of the techniques involved with. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. Mcgregors theory x and theory y free download as pdf file. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in the human side of enterprise, yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous x y theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y shubhabrata bose iiswbm mbaday sec. Theory x and theory y motivation selfimprovement scribd. Theory x, theory y by douglas mcgregor is a motivation theory.
Theory x managers believe that their employees come to work just to earn a living, and that they dont want to take on new responsibilities. In his book, the human side of enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Under this theory, the employees are highly selfmotivated, and they need little encouragement from upper management to deliver quality results on a day to day basis. Introduction theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was a management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. From this he formulated two models of management based on hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Theory x and theory y team management training from.
However, commentators and practitioners have often misinterpreted his ideas to assume exactly that. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor one of the forefathers of management theory and one of the top business thinkers of all time. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Apr 07, 2017 although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregor s initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. This is the idea behind douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y. Sep 09, 2016 douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management style and fulfillment of psychological contract. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregor s landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. As the classical theory of human behavior, theory x. Theory x and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Theory x is a conventional approach to motivation, based on negative assumptions. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a. These theories are based on human behaviour in management. Mcgregors theory x and theory y from wiki theory x in this theory, management. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y.
Agement texts discussed mcgregors theory x and theory y directly in. Douglas mcgregor put forward a theory of motivation, called as theory x and theory y. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. In his theory about management attitudes at two opposite poles mcgregors theory x and theory y, he never intended to indicate that x was bad and y good, nor that any leader should find a spot between the two and set up camp. Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y.
Start studying intro to business chapter 10 pretest. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on behavior of individuals at work, and he has formulated two models which he calls theory x and theory y. He also taught at the indian institute of management calcutta. Read this article to learn about mcgregors theory of x and theory y. Comparative analysis of theory x, theory y, theory z, and theory. Mcgregors theory is also from are one of those theories that comprise much influence on both the management and the employee. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. Theory x and theory y notes theory x and theory y notes. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions.
Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with. Jul 08, 2017 it is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of.
Based on the premises concerning human behaviour, prof. Theory y principles to encourage knowledge sharing and continuous improvement. Douglas mcgregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his book. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. By highlighting theory y, he hoped instead to achieve an abandonment by management of the limiting assumptions of theory x and a consideration of the techniques involved with theory y. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Mar 15, 2017 the relationship between mcgregor s x y theory management style and fulfillment of psychological contract. Theory x and theory y 875 assumptions about human behavior in organiza importance. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor.
Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Application theory x management style is widely accepted as inferior to others, it has its place in large scale production operation and unskilled production line work. Y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. The theory x and theory y were advanced by douglas mcgregor. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor.
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